The effects of palm oil that a cooking oil in the food industry have been investigated in many studies as a high- fat diet. According to the amount of palm oil has been inevitable that creation positive/ negative situations on health in the use short and long- term. In this study, different rates palm oil (PY), wa investigated Drosophila melanogaster to daily diet adding (1-20%) its effect on survial rate and development time and its analyzed as statistically. In terms of the effect of PY on mortality were found in dietary supplementation, the rates as 20>10>1%. According to the results, while PY consumption decreases survival rate in insects its was extended development time; If Considering that the amount of fat used in ready foods is high, it is thought that consumption amount should be attention.

Keyword(s): Palm oil,

• [1] Macit, S. and Şanlıer, N., 2014, Palm Yağı ve Sağlık (Palm Oil and Health), Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 13(20).
• [2] Oguntibeju, O.O., Esterhuyse, A.J. and Truter, E.J., 2010, Possible role of red palm oil supplementation in reducing oxidative stress in HIV/AIDS and TB patients, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(3), 188-196.
• [3] Ayeleso, A.O., 2012, Influence of two plant products (red palm oıl and rooıbos) on streptozotocınınduced hyperglycaemıa and ıts ımplıcatıons on antıoxıdant status and other bıochemıcal parameters ın an anımal model, Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the doctor of technology, Cape Penınsula Unıversıty of Technology, Belville.
• [4] Fattore, E. and Fanelli, R., 2013, Palm oil and palmitic acid: a review on cardiovascular effects and carcinogenicity, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 64(5), 648–659.
• [5] Frank, N.E.G., Albert, M.M.E. Laverdure, D.E.E. and Paul K., 2011, Assessment of the quality of crude palm oil from smallholders in Cameroon, Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research, 2(3),52-58.
• [6] O’Brien, RD., 2010, Fats and Oils: Formulating and Processing for Applications, 2nd ed. Florida, CRC Press, p. 53-60.
• [7] Gold, I.L, Ukhun, M.E and Akoh C.C., 2011, Characteristics of eutectic compositions of eestructured palm oil olein, palm kernel oil and their mixtures, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 88, 1659–67.
• [8] Wahid, M.B., Abdullah, .S.N.A. and Henson, I.E., 2004, September- October). Oil Palm – Achievements and Potential, Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, Brisbane, Australia.
• [9] Mukherjee, S. and Mitra, A., 2009, Health Effects of Palm Oil, J Hum Ecol, 26(3), 197-203.
• [10] Malaysian Palm Oil Board [MPOB], 2012, Palm Oil: Chemistry and Nutrition Updates.
• [11] Sundram, K, Sambanthamurthi, R. and Tan, YA., 2003, Palm fruit chemistry and nutrition. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 12(3), 355-62.
• [12] Doerner, S.K. and Berger, N.A., 2013, Dietary fats as mediators of obesity, inflammation, and colon cancer, In Obesity, Inflammation and Cancer, 99-132, Springer, New York, NY.
• [13] Edem, D.O., 2002, Palm oil: Biochemical, physiological, nutritional, hematological and toxicological aspects: A review, Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 57:3(4), 319-41.
• [14] Sen, CK, Khanna, S and Roy, S., 2007, Tocotrienols in health and disease: the other half of the natural vitamin E family, Mol Aspects Med, 28(5), 692-728.
• [15] Dahmann, C., 2008, Drosophila, Humana Press.
• [16] Adams, M.D., Celniker, S.E., Holt, R.A., Evans, C.A., Gocayne, J.D., Amanatides, P.G., & George, R.A., 2000, The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster, Science, 287(5461), 2185-2195.
• [17] Baker, K.D. and Thummel, C.S., 2007, Diabetic larvae and obese flies Emerging studies of metabolism in Drosophila, Cell Metab, 6(4), 257-266.
• [18] Saini, S., Kumari, S., Verma, S.K. and Sharm, A.K., 2013, A Review on Different Types of Animal Models for Pharmacological Evaluation of Antidiabetic Drugs. J. Pharma, Phytopharmacol. Res., 3(1), 2-12.
• [19] Tarrago, M.T., Phillips, K.M., Lemar, L.E. and Holden, J.M., 2006, New and existing oils and fats used in products with reduced trans-fatty acid content, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 106 (6), 867-880.
• [20] Sambanthamurthi, R., Sundram, K. and Tan, Y.A., 2000, Chemistry and biochemistry of palm oil, Prog Lipid Res, 39(6), 507-58.
• [21] Rogina, B. and Helfand, S.L., 2000, Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase deficiency accelerates the time course of an age-related marker in Drosophila melanogaster, Biogerontol.,1,163-169.
• [22] Lesch, C., Goto, A., Lindgren, M., Bidla, G., Dushay, MS. And Theopold, U., 2007, A role for Hemolectin in coagulation and immunity in Drosophila melanogaster, Dev. Com. Immunol., 31, 1255- 1263.
• [23] Sun, X., Seeberger, J., Alberico, T., Wang, C., Wheeler, C. T., Schauss, A. G., and Zou, S., 2010, Açai palm fruit (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp improves survival of flies on a high fat diet, Experimental gerontology, 45(3), 243- 251.
• [24] Heinrichsen, E.T., Zhang, H., Robinson, J.E.,Ngo, J., Diop, S., Bodmer, R., Joiner, W.J., Metallo, C.M. nad Haddad, G.G., 2013, Metabolic and transcriptional response to a high-fat dietin Drosophila melanogaster, Molecular Metabolism, 3, 42-54.
• [25] Güneş, E., Biçer Bayram, Ş., Yılmaz, M. Ve Sormaz, Ü., 2018, Kasım, Bisküvilik Palm Yağının Doğal Türlere Etkisi, International Conference on Food Nutrition and Dietetics Gastronomy, Alanya, Turkey.
• [26] Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W. G., 1967, Statistical methods, 6th Edn. Ames, Iowa State College Press, IA.
• [27] Budin, S.B., Othman, F., Raj, L.S., Abu, Bakar, M. and Das, S. and Mohamed J., 2009, Theeffects of palm oil tocotrienol-richfraction supplementation on biochemical parameters, oxidativestressand thevascularwall of streptozotocin-induced diabeticratsi, CLINICS,64(3), 235-44.
• [28] Voon, P.T., Wai Ng, T.K., Lee V.K.M. and Nesaretnam K., 2011, Diets high in palmitic acid (16:0), lauric and myristic acids (12:0 + 14:0), or oleic acid (18:1) do not alter postprandial or fasting plasma homocysteine and inflammatory markers in healthy Malaysian adults, Am J Clin Nutr, 94, 1451–7.
• [29] Oluba, O.M., Onyeneke, C.E, Ojieh, G.C., Eidangbe, G.O. and Orole, R.T., 2009, Effects of palm oil supplementation on lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity in cholesterol fed rats, Int J Cardiovasc Res, 6(1), 1-6.
• [30] Sundram, K., Khor H.T. and Augustune S. H., 1989, Effect of Dietary Palm Oils on Mammary Carcinogenesis in Female Rats Induced by 7,12-Dimethylbenz( a)anthracene, CANCER RESEARCH, 49, 1447-1451.
• [31] Tholstrup, T., Hjerpsted J. and Raff M., 2011, Palm olein increases plasma cholesterol moderately compared with olive oil in healthy individual, Am J Clin Nutr, 94, 1426–32.
• [32] Onyeali, E.U., Onwuchekwa, A.C, Monago, C.C. and Monanu, M.O., 2010, Plasma lipid profile of Wistar albino rats fed palm oilsupplemented diets, Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci, 4(4): 1163- 69.
• [33] Chen B.K., Seligman B., Farquhar J.W. and GoldhaberFiebertJ.D., 2011, Multi-Country Analysis of Palm Oil Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality for Countries at Different Stages of Economic Development: 1980-1997, Globalization and Health, 7(45).
• [34] Khosla, P., 2006, Palm Oil: a nutritional overview, AgroFOOD, 17,3.
• [35] Güneş, E., 2013, Borik Asitin Drosophila melanogaster’in Meigen (Diptera: Drosophiladae) Bazı Biyolojik Özellikleri ve Antioksidan Enzim Aktiviteleri Üzerine Etkisi, BEÜN Fen Bil. Ens.,Biyoloji ABD, Doktora Tezi.
• [36] Chippindale, A. K., Alipaz, J. A., Chen, H. W., & Rose, M. R., 1997, Experimental evolution of accelerated development in Drosophila. 1. Developmental speed and larval survival, Evolution, 51(5), 1536-1551.
• [37] Bruce, Y. A., Gounou, S., Chabi‐Olaye, A., Smith, H., Schulthess, F., 2004, The effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) oil on oviposition, development and reproductive potentials of Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 6(3), 223-232.
• [38] Larocque, N., Vincent, C., Belanger, A., Bourassa, J. P., 1999, Effects of tansy essential oil from Tanacetum vulgare on biology of oblique-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, Journal of Chemical Ecology, 25(6), 1319-1330.
• [39] Lee, M. J., Park, M. S., Hwang, S., Hong, Y. K., Choi, G., Suh, Y. S., ... & Lee, S. J., 2010, Dietary hempseed meal intake increases body growth and shortens the larval stage via the upregulation of cell growth and sterol levels in Drosophila melanogaster, Molecules and Cells, 30(1), 29-36.
• [40] Kaspi, R., Mossinson, S., Drezner, T., Kamensky, B. and Yuval, B., 2002, Effects of larval diet on development rates and reproductive maturation of male and female Mediterranean fruit flies, Physiological Entomology, 27(1), 29-38.
• [41] Ahmad, S., Haq, A.U., Yousaf, M., Kamran, Z., Rehman, A.U., Suhail, M.U. ve Samad, H.A., 2013, Kanola yağı ve A vitamini sıcak yaz aylarında tavukların tavuklarda yumurta özellikleri ve yumurta kolesterolü üzerine etkisi, Pak. Veteriner. J, 33(3), 346-349.
• [42] Perez, J. F., Gernat, A. G., & Murillo, J. G., 2000, The effect of different levels of palm kernel meal in layer diets, Poultry Science, 79(1), 77-79.
• [43] Davutoğlu, S., 2017, Palm yağının yumurta tavuklarının genel performansı ve yumurta iç-dış kalitesine etkisi, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni ABD, yüksek lisans Tezi.
• [44] Yağcılar, Ç., 2012, Bitkisel kaynaklı karotenoidlerin (kırmızıbiber, ham hurma yağı, havuç) japon balığının pigmentasyonu ve büyümesi üzerine etkileri, Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Zootekni ABD. Doktora Tezi.
• [45] Mancini, A., Imperlini, E., Nigro, E., Montagnese, C., Daniele, A., Orrù, S. and Buono, P., 2015, Biological and nutritional properties of palm oil and palmitic acid: effects on health, Molecules, 20(9), 17339-17361.
• [46] Ojeda, M., Borrero, M., Sequeda, G., Diez, O., Castro, V., García, Á. and Lucci, P., 2017, Hybrid palm oil (Elaeis oleifera× Elaeis guineensis) supplementation improves plasma antioxidant capacity in humans, European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 119(2), 1600070.
• [47] Cherian, G., Wolfe, F. W., & Sim, J. S., 1996, Dietary oils with added tocopherols: effects on egg or tissue tocopherols, fatty acids, and oxidative stability, Poultry Science, 75(3), 423-431.